Nutrition

Exenatide and weight loss

David P. Bradley, Roger Kulstad, Dale A. Schoeller — 2010-03-01

Abstract: Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gastrointestinal hormone mainly released from the distal ileum, jejunum, and colon in response to food ingestion. It is categorized as an incretin due to its activation of GLP-1 receptors in pancreatic β-cells leading to insulin exocytosis in a glucose-dependent manner. Exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) is a subcutaneously injected GLP-1 receptor agonist that shares 50% homology with GLP-1. It is derived from lizard venom and stimulates the GLP-1 receptor for prolonged periods. The present review aims to enumerate exenatide-instigated weight loss, summarize the known mechanisms of exenatide-induced weight loss, and elaborate on its possible application in the pharmacotherapy of obesity.Methods: A search through PubMed was performed using exenatide and weight loss as search terms. A second search was performed using exenatide and mechanisms or actions as search terms.Results: In addition to exenatide's action to increase insulin secretion in individuals with elevated levels of plasma glucose, clinical trials have reported consistent weight loss associated with exenatide treatment. Studies have found evidence that exenatide decreases energy intake and increases energy expenditure, but findings on which predominates to cause weight loss are often inconsistent and controversial.Conclusion: Further research on the effects of exenatide treatment on energy intake and expenditure are recommended to better understand the mechanisms through which exenatide causes weight loss.

Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q10: An update

Gian Paolo Littarru, Luca Tiano — 2009-11-23

Abstract: The fundamental role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in mitochondrial bioenergetics and its well-acknowledged antioxidant properties constitute the basis for its clinical applications, although some of its effects may be related to a gene induction mechanism. Cardiovascular disease is still the main field of study and the latest findings confirm a role of CoQ10 in improving endothelial function. The possible relation between CoQ10 deficiency and statin side effects is highly debated, particularly the key issue of whether CoQ10 supplementation counteracts statin myalgias. Furthermore, in cardiac patients, plasma CoQ10 was found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Studies on CoQ10 and physical exercise have confirmed its effect in improving subjective fatigue sensation and physical performance and in opposing exercise-related damage. In the field of mitochondrial myopathies, primary CoQ10 deficiencies have been identified, involving different genes of the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway; some of these conditions were found to be highly responsive to CoQ10 administration. The initial observations of CoQ10 effects in Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases have been extended to Friedreich's ataxia, where CoQ10 and other quinones have been tested. CoQ10 is presently being used in a large phase III trial in Parkinson's disease. CoQ10 has been found to improve sperm count and motility on asthenozoospermia. Moreover, for the first time CoQ10 was found to decrease the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnancy. The ability of CoQ10 to mitigate headache symptoms in adults was also verified in pediatric and adolescent populations.

Breast cancer survivors and vitamin D: A review

Stephanie L. Hines, H. Keels S. Jorn, Kristine M. Thompson, Jan M. Larson — 2009-12-09

Abstract: Recent evidence has suggested a role for vitamin D in breast cancer prevention and survival. Studies have reported an inverse relation between vitamin D intake and the risk of breast cancer, improvements in survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer in women with higher levels of vitamin D, and vitamin D insufficiency in up to 75% of women with breast cancer. Preclinical data have indicated that vitamin D affects up to 200 genes that influence cellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, terminal differentiation of normal and cancer cells, and macrophage function. Vitamin D receptors have been found in up to 80% of breast cancers, and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms have been associated with differences in survival. Although ongoing studies have investigated a possible link between adequate levels of vitamin D and improved cancer prognosis, breast cancer survivors may derive additional, non–cancer-related benefits from adequate vitamin D levels, including improvements in bone mineral density, quality of life, and mood. Maintaining adequate vitamin D stores is recommended for breast cancer survivors throughout their lifetime.

Prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among cancer patients according to tumor location and stage in the National Cancer Center in Korea

2009-08-10

Abstract: Objective: Although malnutrition is common in cancer patients in Korea, little attention is paid to its risks and consequences. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients according to tumor location and stage.Methods: Of 14 972 cancer patients admitted to the National Cancer Center, screening examinations were carried out for 12 112 patients and nutritional status was assessed in 8895 patients. Information on age, sex, length of hospital stay, and tumor location and stage were collected from the electronic medical records system. The nutritional status of each subject was assessed using body mass index, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, and diet and classified into three groups: high risk, moderate risk, and low risk of malnutrition.Results: About 61% of hospitalized patients were malnourished and the prevalence of malnutrition was higher in male patients with longer hospital stays (60.2%, P=0.0101) and readmitted patients (66.6%, P<0.0001). Patients with liver and lung cancer (86.6% and 60.5%, respectively) and patients with advanced cancer stage (60.5%, III or IV) had a higher prevalence of malnutrition than other patients (P<0.0001). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with advanced cancer stage and longer hospital stay and readmitted patients were at a higher risk for malnutrition.Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients was high and varied across tumor location and stage. Early identification of malnutrition status is required for proper nutritional intervention during hospitalization.

Elevated serum tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors correlate with aberrant energy metabolism in liver cirrhosis

2009-08-20

Abstract: Objective: Protein–energy malnutrition is frequently observed in patients with liver cirrhosis and is associated with their poor prognosis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is elevated in those patients and may contribute to the alterations of energy metabolism. Our aim was to characterize the aberrant energy metabolism in cirrhotic patients with regard to TNF-α.Methods: Twenty-four patients (mean age 65 ± 6 y) with viral liver cirrhosis who did not have hepatocellular carcinoma or acute infections were studied. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited after matching for age, gender, and body mass index with the patients and served as controls (59 ± 8 y). Serum levels of TNF-α, soluble 55-kDa TNF receptor (sTNF-R55), soluble 75-kDa TNF receptor (sTNF-R75), and leptin were determined by immunoassay. Substrate oxidation rates of carbohydrate and fat were estimated by indirect calorimetry after overnight bedrest and fasting.Results: In cirrhotic patients, serum levels of TNF-α, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 were significantly higher than those in the controls and correlated with the increasing grade of disease severity as defined by Child-Pugh classification. Serum leptin concentration was not different between cirrhotics and controls but correlated with their body mass index. The decrease in substrate oxidation rate of carbohydrate and the increase in substrate oxidation rate of fat significantly correlated with serum TNF-α, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 concentrations.Conclusion: Tumor necrosis factor-α might be associated with the aberrant energy metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Micronutrients and lifestyles in Taiwanese patients with stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease

2009-10-12

Abstract: Objective: Lycopene is an antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress. Analgesics are commonly used and may impair kidney function. However, the associations among plasma lycopene, analgesic use, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unknown. A hospital-based, case–control study was conducted to determine the association among plasma lycopene, analgesic use, and CKD.Methods: Two hundred one patients with CKD and 313 controls were recruited, and CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60mL/min per 1.73m2, as calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Plasma antioxidants were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: This study showed that the higher the plasma lycopene was, the lower the CKD risk. Specifically, in subjects with a plasma lycopene level ≥17.97 or 7.72–17.97μg/dL, the adjusted odds ratio of CKD was 0.32 (95% confidence interval 0.18–0.58) or 0.49 (95% confidence interval 0.29–0.83), respectively, compared with subjects with a plasma lycopene level <7.72μg/dL, independent of age, gender, level of education, paternal and maternal ethnicities, cigarette smoking, analgesic use, hypertension, and diabetes history. In contrast, the higher the plasma retinol level, the higher the risk of CKD. A significantly higher risk was demonstrated in analgesic users than in non-users (odds ratio 3.83, 95% confidence interval 1.75–8.40), but a significantly lower risk was shown in subjects who used analgesics on an as-needed basis than in non-users. Plasma lycopene tended to interact additively with analgesic consumption in modifying the CKD risk; however, the interactions were statistically insignificant.Conclusion: This is the first study showing that a low plasma lycopene level is associated with CKD risk.

Comparative 25-OH-vitamin D level in institutionalized women older than 65 years from two cities in Spain and Argentina having a similar solar radiation index

2009-10-12

Abstract: Objective: The present study evaluated and compared vitamin D nutritional status and calcium–phosphorus metabolism in institutionalized women >65 y from two cities that have a similar sun irradiation index (heliophany).Methods: The study was carried out in women living in similar social-status institutions from geographic cities having a similar solar radiation index (Lleida, Spain, n=49, and suburban Buenos Aires, Argentina [BA], n=48) at the end of summer.Results: Fish consumption was higher in the Lleida group, as was red-meat consumption in the BA group. In both groups mean calcium intake was 800mg/d. The daily intake of vitamin D was higher in the BA group (P<0.001). A total of 90% in Lleida and 86% in BA had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels <20 ng/mL. A significant inverse correlation between individual 25OHD and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels was observed in the two groups of women (r=−0.329, P=0.035). PTH levels >100pg/mL were found in 24% and 20% of women in Lleida and BA, respectively. There was a marked increase in carboxy-terminal telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen levels and a decrease in 25OHD with an increase in PTH levels (P<0.05). Conversely, bone alkaline phosphatase increased significantly only when the PTH concentration duplicated the reference range.Conclusion: Even at the end of summer, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was prevalent in the two studied institutionalized elderly women. In the narrow range of the dietary calcium intake (close to 800mg/d) of both studied groups, secondary hyperparathyroidism was absent when 25OHD levels were >17 ng/dL, indicating changes in the regulation control of serum PTH and consequently the changes in this threshold. As a result, vitamin D deficiency must be reversed to avoid the increment in bone turnover and to ensure the endocrine and paracrine functions of vitamin D for overall health and well-being.

No difference in the 24-hour interstitial fluid glucose profile with modulations to the glycemic index of the diet

2009-10-05

Abstract: Objective: Reducing the glycemic index (GI) of the diet may decrease metabolic risk, primarily through reduction and stabilization of blood glucose. The objective of this research was to investigate whether incorporation of lower or higher GI foods into mixed meals had different effects on daylong glucose profiles, measured in interstitial fluid by a continuous glucose-monitoring system.Methods: The study was a randomized, balanced, two-way crossover intervention of 2×1-wk periods of lower and higher GI diets. Participants were 12 overweight healthy adult women (mean body mass index ± standard deviation 27.5±2.3kg/m2). Changes in GI were achieved through substitution of key staple carbohydrate-rich foods. After a 4-d run-in on each dietary regimen, participants wore the continuous glucose-monitoring system over 2 d of identical controlled feeding in the laboratory, separated by 1 d of ad libitum consumption at home.Results: On controlled days, diets differed in GI by 15 U and provided equal energy, macronutrients, and fiber. On ad libitum days, diet diaries revealed a difference in GI of 14±1 U (mean ± standard error), with no detectable difference in energy, macronutrient, or fiber intake. No differences were observed in glucose profiles between higher and lower GI interventions in the controlled or ad libitum setting. There was significant agreement in area under the glucose curve on repeated controlled feeding days (intraclass correlation 0.75).Conclusion: This study indicates that a difference in dietary GI of 14–15 U is insufficient to alter daylong glycemia as measured in interstitial fluid by the continuous glucose-monitoring system.

Effect of phytosterols on copper lipid peroxidation of human low-density lipoproteins

Gianna Ferretti, Tiziana Bacchetti, Simona Masciangelo, Virginia Bicchiega — 2009-10-08

Abstract: Objective: Phytosterols and stanols have received much attention in the past several years because of their cholesterol-lowering properties, and several studies have shown a protective effect against cardiovascular disease and colon and breast cancer development. A significant decrease of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B has been demonstrated in subjects whose diet was supplemented with 2g/d of plant sterols. Changes in plasma lipoprotein levels were associated with a decrease of oxidized LDL, suggesting that plant sterols could exert an antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the interaction between the major dietary phytosterols and plasma lipoproteins. Moreover, their antioxidant effect against in vitro–induced lipid peroxidation of human LDL was investigated.Methods: Susceptibility to copper-induced lipid peroxidation was investigated in LDLs isolated from plasma of normolipemic subjects. Concentrations of β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol ranging from 5 to 50μM were studied. Analyses of the emission fluorescence spectra of tryptophan and of the probe 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethyl-aminoaphthalene were used to investigate the effect of phytosterols on apoprotein structure and physicochemical properties of LDL.Results: Our results demonstrated that phytosterols exert an inhibitory effect against copper-induced lipid peroxidation of LDLs, as shown by the lowered levels of conjugated dienes in oxidized lipoproteins incubated with different concentrations of plant sterols (5–50μM). Moreover, analysis of fluorescence emission spectra of tryptophan and 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethyl-aminoaphthalene demonstrated that phytosterols prevent the alterations of apoprotein structure and physicochemical properties associated with copper-triggered lipid peroxidation of lipoproteins.Conclusion: We suggest that the effect exerted by β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol against lipid peroxidation of LDL possibly related to phytosterol–lipoprotein interactions could be of physiologic relevance.

Fructo-oligosaccharides enhance the mineral absorption and counteract the adverse effects of phytic acid in mice

Yu Wang, Tao Zeng, Shu-e Wang, Wei Wang, Qian Wang, Hong-Xia Yu — 2009-08-10

Abstract: Objective: We explored the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and phytic acid (PA) on the absorption of minerals and their interaction.Methods: A 3×2 factorial experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of FOS (in the presence or absence of PA) on the apparent absorption rate of minerals and the mineral status (plasma, hepatic, and bone) in mice. Sixty Kun-Ming mice were randomized into six groups: basal diet group; basal diet+1% PA group (PA); basal diet+0.8g/kg of body weight FOS group (FOS1); FOS1+1% PA group (FOS1+PA); basal diet+2.5g/kg of body weight group (FOS2); and FOS2+1% PA group (FOS2+PA). The mice received FOS by gavage for consecutive 4 wk, and the PA was added in the diet. The mice were housed individually in the last week. The food intake was recorded and the feces were collected for calculation of the apparent absorption rate. Then the mice were sacrificed, the ceca were removed and weighed, and the cecum contents were used for the detection of pH and short-chain fatty acids. The blood, liver, and the left femur were collected for the measurement of the minerals.Results: FOS supplementation resulted in the enlargement of the cecum and increased cecal acidification (P<0.01). In addition, FOS effectively boosted the apparent absorption rate of calcium (FOS1, +7%; FOS2, +9%, P<0.05), magnesium (FOS1, +26%; FOS2, +19%, P<0.05), and iron (FOS1, +17%; FOS2, +22%, P<0.05), and restored the PA-impaired magnesium and iron apparent absorption rates (P<0.01). In addition, FOS significantly increased hepatic zinc levels (P<0.01) and femoral magnesium levels (P<0.01).Conclusion: These data indicate that FOS effectively enhances the mineral apparent absorption rate and counteracts the deleterious effects of PA.

Effects of cafeteria diet on the jejunum in sedentary and physically trained rats

2009-08-10

Abstract: Objective: The effects of a cafeteria diet on the small intestine were investigated in adult Wistar rats under sedentary conditions and after physical training.Methods: Parameters including morphometry, enzyme activities, and total myenteric populations in the jejunum were evaluated.Results: The cafeteria diet, characterized as hyperlipidic, produced obese rats, corroborated by increases in the Lee index and the weights of the periepididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (P<0.01). Obesity caused increases in the length of the small intestine, villi height, crypt depth, whole-wall thickness (P<0.05), and the enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and sucrase (P<0.01), in addition to a reduction in the number of goblet cells (P<0.05). With reference to the jejunal intrinsic innervations, the total number and area of myenteric neurons was unchanged regardless of the group. Physical training promoted 1) a reduction of the weight in the retroperitoneal and periepididymal adipose tissues (P<0.05) and 2) an increase in the thickness of the muscular layer (P<0.05).Conclusion: The cafeteria diet promoted obesity in rodents, leading to alterations in morphometry and enzymatic intestinal parameters, which were partily attenuated by physical training.

Hypocholesterolemic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 by increased bile acid excretion in C57BL/6 mice

2009-08-20

Abstract: Objective: We doubly coated Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 with proteins and polysaccharide compounds to enhance its acid and bile resistance. The present study investigated the hypocholesterolemic effects of double-coated L. plantarum KCTC3928 in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. The effects of live and dead bacteria were compared.Methods: Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were divided into three groups: the control group was fed no L. plantarum KCTC3928, and the two treatment groups were orally fed live or dead L. plantarum KCTC3928 daily. Plasma and liver cholesterol and lipid levels, fecal bile acid, and gene and protein expressions were measured.Results: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma triacylglycerol levels were significantly lower in the group fed live bacteria, by 42% and 32%, respectively (P<0.05), and fecal bile acid excretion was accelerated (+45%). Expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase were marginally affected by the feeding of coated cells; however, the gene expression and protein levels of CYP7A1 were significantly upregulated after live L. plantarum KCTC3928 feeding (+80% for mRNA and +60% for protein expression).Conclusion: Double-coated live L. plantarum KCTC3928 may have hypocholesterolemic effects in mice primarily due to induction of fecal bile acid secretion followed by increased degradation of hepatic cholesterol into bile acids. Studies in humans should confirm the effects in the future.

Effects of deep-frying oil on blood pressure and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

Pei-Ling Yen, Bing-Huei Chen, Feili Lo Yang, Yi-Fa Lu — 2009-07-10

Abstract: Objective: Ingestion of deep-frying oil has been reported to cause physiologic and histologic changes in experimental animals' tissue, increase the oxidative stress, and possibly lead to death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of deep-frying oil on oxidative stress and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats.Methods: Deep-frying oil was prepared by frying fresh soybean oil at 180 ± 5°C for 8 h each day, for 4 consecutive days. Male SHR and WKY rats were fed diets containing 15% fresh soybean oil or deep-frying oil (DO) for 10 wk.Results: Rats ingesting the DO diet had lower feed efficiency and higher relative liver and kidney weights but deep frying had no significant influence on blood pressure in WKY or SHR rats. The DO diet had no effect on plasma renin activity, aldosterone content, or tissue angiotension-I–converting enzyme activity. WKY rats fed the DO diet showed significantly increased urinary thromboxane B2 and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α excretion, but not urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α excretion. Diets containing deep-frying oil resulted in increased plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and nitric oxide contents and decreased plasma total antioxidant capacity in SHR and WKY rats.Conclusion: The ingestion of deep-frying oil seemed not to influence blood pressure or its related parameters, but altered eicosanoid metabolism and elevated oxidative stress in SHR and WKY rats.

Association of major dietary patterns with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors of adult women living in Tehran, Iran

Arezoo Rezazadeh, Bahram Rashidkhani, Nasrin Omidvar — 2009-10-12

Abstract: Objectives: To detect major dietary patterns and their relation with demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors in adult women living in Tehran, Iran.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 460 women 20–50 y of age were selected by a stratified random-sampling method. Factor analysis was conducted to ascertain the major dietary patterns, and analysis of covariance was fitted to assess the relation between demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variables and adherence to major dietary patterns.Results: Two major dietary patterns were extracted: healthy and unhealthy. After adjustment for confounders, age (b=0.31, P<0.01), university degree (b=0.85, P<0.01), housing size >20m2/head (b=0.30, P<0.01), total family income US >$500/mo (b=0.25, P<0.05), physical activity (b=0.01, P<0.05), and history of hypertension (b=0.36, P<0.05) were positively associated and duration of residence in Tehran (b=−0.01, P<0.05) was negatively associated with a healthy dietary pattern. Conversely, ethnicity (Turk versus Fars; b=0.30, P<0.01) and smoking (b=0.64, P<0.01) were positively associated and age (b=−0.33, P<0.01) was negatively associated with an unhealthy dietary pattern.Conclusion: Our findings support the association between demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle factors and dietary patterns of the studied women. Therefore, it is suggested these factors should be considered in future studies on the association between dietary patterns and disease.

Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology

Barry S. Kendler — 2009-12-09

Dr. Semba, who is affiliated with the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins University, has compiled a detailed discussion of the roles of nutrients in eye function, vision disorders, and the prevention of eye disease. The distillation of the enormous amount of biomedical literature on these topics has resulted in nearly 500 pages of concisely written text. Chapter lengths vary according to the corresponding knowledge base and are heavily referenced. For example, the chapter on vitamin A deficiency disorders comprises one-fifth of the text and is accompanied by 1048 reference citations.

Changes of rheological and clinical parameters during the therapy of microcirculatory disorders

2010-03-01

In this study we describe changes in rheological effectivity indicators in the course of hemorheotherapy and their clinical importance in cases of microcirculatory disorders. In the prospective trial presented here, 24 patients were treated - non-healing lesions caused by severe ischemic diabetic foot syndrome (IDFS): 5 pts; age related macular degeneration (AMD):13 pts; acute sensorineural hearing loss (ASHL): 3 pts; thyreoid orbital endocrino-pathy (TAO): 3 pts. Our own modification of rheopheresis was used: Plasma, free from cellular elements is obtained by blood cell separator (Cobe-Spectra, Denver, USA) in high-speed centrifugation. Then it is run through the “second stage” – a rheofilter (Evaflux 4A, Kuraray) with ethylene-vinyl-alcohol hollow fibres with holes of 0,03 micrometer. The size of holes in the filter enables to retain the above mentioned high-molecular elements. Hematological, biochemical and hemorheological parameters were measured before and after the procedures and after the finishing of therapeutic series (AMD 8 procedures, IDFS 10, ASHL 3, TAO 10).

Influence of therapy on metabolic changes of the retina by the age related macular degeneration

2010-03-01

The wet form of AMD (age-related macular degeneration) is the main cause of legal blindness in the older population. Haemorheopheresis results in an immediate decrease in the proportion of high molecular weight proteins allowing the barely functioning retinal pigment epithelial cells to function better and diminish the release of vascular endothelial growth factor. Purpose of the study: to evaluate the influence of haemorheopheresis on morphologic and functional retinal changes in patients with dry form of AMD.

Fetuin-A and hemodialysis

2010-03-01

Serum protein α2–Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (fetuin-A) is a systemically acting inhibitor of ectopic calcification. Serum concentrations of F-A in hemodialysis (HD) patients are low. This decrease is conventionally explained by malnutrition and inflammation seen often in HD patients. However, there are no data about the effect of HD procedure on serum fetuin A concentration.

Energy and substrate metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis and their development after transjugular intrahepatic portosystematic shunt insertion

2010-03-01

Patients with liver cirrhosis frequently have wide range spectrum of energy and substrate metabolism disorders. Aim of our work was to search for changes in energy metabolism associated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Changes in cholesterol metabolism in patients on the internal intensive care unit

V. Hrabovský, Z. Zadák, V. Bláha, R. Hyšpler, A. Mendlová — 2010-03-01

Hypocholesterolemia has been investigated as a typical feature of critical illnesś and is connected with poor prognosis. The human organism acquires cholesterol by two processes: synthesis, and absorption from the diet. It is possible to assess, using cholesterol synthesis (latosterol, squalene) and absorption (sitosterol, campesterol) markers, the leading form of cholesterol acquisition. The aim of this study is to describe changes of cholesterol metabolism in patients with acute disease, whose were admitted on the internal type of intensive care unit.

Catheter-related infection in patients on home parenteral nutrition and outcome of attempted catheter salvage

E. Meisnerova, F. Novak — 2010-03-01

Catheter-related sepsis is a serious complication in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). For salvage of the device in patients with uncomplicated infections, standard systemic together with catheter antibiotic lock therapy are recommended.

Importance of lipoperoxidation monitoring in patients with familiar hypercholesterolemia treated by extracorporeal elimination

2010-03-01

Products of lipoperoxidation play the main role in the atheromathosis process. The aim of this study was to monitor lipoperoxidation in patients with familiar hypercholesterolemia treated for a long period by methods of extracorporeal elimination – LDL apheresis and haemorheopheresis. In this work the results of the study carried out in the years 2007 and 2008 are presented.

2010-03-01

Winners of the 13th John M. Kinney Awards

2010-03-01

Nutrition

Exenatide and weight loss

Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q10: An update

Breast cancer survivors and vitamin D: A review

Prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among cancer patients according to tumor location and stage in the National Cancer Center in Korea

Elevated serum tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors correlate with aberrant energy metabolism in liver cirrhosis

Micronutrients and lifestyles in Taiwanese patients with stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease

Comparative 25-OH-vitamin D level in institutionalized women older than 65 years from two cities in Spain and Argentina having a similar solar radiation index

No difference in the 24-hour interstitial fluid glucose profile with modulations to the glycemic index of the diet

Effect of phytosterols on copper lipid peroxidation of human low-density lipoproteins

Fructo-oligosaccharides enhance the mineral absorption and counteract the adverse effects of phytic acid in mice

Effects of cafeteria diet on the jejunum in sedentary and physically trained rats

Hypocholesterolemic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 by increased bile acid excretion in C57BL/6 mice

Effects of deep-frying oil on blood pressure and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

Association of major dietary patterns with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors of adult women living in Tehran, Iran

Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology

Changes of rheological and clinical parameters during the therapy of microcirculatory disorders

Influence of therapy on metabolic changes of the retina by the age related macular degeneration

Fetuin-A and hemodialysis

Energy and substrate metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis and their development after transjugular intrahepatic portosystematic shunt insertion

Changes in cholesterol metabolism in patients on the internal intensive care unit

Catheter-related infection in patients on home parenteral nutrition and outcome of attempted catheter salvage

Importance of lipoperoxidation monitoring in patients with familiar hypercholesterolemia treated by extracorporeal elimination

Table of Contents

Winners of the 13th John M. Kinney Awards