Nutrition
Volume 26, Issue 4 , Pages 354-358 , April 2010

Role of enteral nutrition and pharmaconutrients in conditions of splanchnic hypoperfusion

  • José Eduardo de Aguilar-Nascimento, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Medical Sciences School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +55-65-3623-4020; fax: +55-65-3623-4020.
    • ,
  • Diana Borges Dock-Nascimento, R.D., M.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Multidisciplinary Nutrition Therapy Team, Julio Muller University Hospital, and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
    • ,
  • Rosalia Bragagnolo, R.D.

      Affiliations

    • Multidisciplinary Nutrition Therapy Team, Julio Muller University Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Received 17 August 2009 ,Accepted 18 August 2009.

References 

  1. Braunschweig CL, Levy P, Sheean PM, Wang X. Enteral compared to parenteral nutrition: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:534–542
  2. Gramlich L, Kichian K, Pinilla J, Rodych NJ, Dhaliwal R, Heyland DK. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature. Nutrition. 2004;20:843–848
  3. Kudsk KA. Beneficial effect of enteral feeding. Gastrointest Endoscopy Clin North Am. 2007;17:647–662
  4. Kazamias P, Kotzampassi K, Koufogiannis D, Eleftheriadis E. Influence of enteral nutrition-induced splanchnic hyperemia on the septic origin of splanchnic ischemia. World J Surg. 1998;22:6–11
  5. de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. The role of macronutrients in gastrointestinal blood flow. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005;8:552–556
  6. Kozar RA, Sen H, Hassoun HT, DeSoignie R, Moore FA. Specific intraluminal nutrients alter mucosal blood flow during gut ischemia/reperfusion. JPEN. 2002;26:226–229
  7. Rokyta R, Matejovic M, Krouzecky A, Novak I. Enteral nutrition and hepatosplanchnic region in critically ill patients—friends or foes?. Physiol Res. 2003;52:31–37
  8. Matheson PJ, Wilson MA, Garrison RN. Regulation of intestinal blood flow. J Surg Res. 2000;93:182–196
  9. Someya N, Endo MY, Fukuba Y, Hayashi N. Blood flow responses in celiac and superior mesenteric arteries in the initial phase of digestion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;294:R1790–R1796
  10. Sidery MB, Macdonald IA. The effect of meal size on the cardiovascular responses to food ingestion. Br J Nutr. 1994;7:835–848
  11. Chou CC, Coatney RW. Nutrient induced changes in intestinal blood flow in the dog. Br Vet J. 1994;150:423–437
  12. Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, Gramlich L, Dodek P. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. JPEN. 2003;27:355–373
  13. de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Kudsk KA. Early nutritional therapy: the role of enteral and parenteral routes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11:255–260
  14. Kudsk KA. Beneficial effect of enteral feeding. Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am. 2007;17:647–662
  15. Malone AM. Permissive underfeeding: its appropriateness in patients with obesity, patients on parenteral nutrition, and non-obese patients receiving enteral nutrition. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2007;9:317–322
  16. Boitano M. Hypocaloric feeding of the critically ill. Nutr Clin Pract. 2006;21:617–622
  17. McClave SA, Chang WK. Feeding the hypotensive patient: does enteral feeding precipitate or protect against ischemic bowel?. Nutr Clin Pract. 2003;18:279–284
  18. Chen Z, Wang S, Yu B, Li A. A comparison study between early enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition in severe burn patients. Burns. 2007;33:708–712
  19. Berger MM, Revelly JP, Cayeux MC, Chiolero RL. Enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with severe hemodynamic failure after cardiopulmonary bypass. Clin Nutr. 2005;24:124–132
  20. Melis M, Fichera A, Ferguson MK. Bowel necrosis associated with early jejunal tube feeding: a complication of postoperative enteral nutrition. Arch Surg. 2006;141:701–704
  21. Marvin RG, McKinley BA, McKeegan M, Cocanour CS, Moore FA. Non-occlusive bowel necrosis occurring in critical ill trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition manifests no reliable signs for early detection. Am J Surg. 2000;179:7–12
  22. Munshi IA, Steingrub JS, Wolpert L. Small bowel necrosis associated with early post-operative jejunal tube feeding in a trauma patient. J Trauma. 2000;49:163–165
  23. Van Haren FMP, Sleigh JW, Pickkers P, Van der Hoeven JG. Gastrointestinal perfusion in septic shock. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2007;35:679–694
  24. Anaya-Prado R, Toledo-Pereyra LH, Lentsch AB, Ward PA. Ischemia–reperfusion injury. J Surg Res. 2002;105:248–258
  25. Cresci G, Cúe J. The patient with circulatory shock: to feed or not to feed?. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008;23:501–509
  26. Todd SR, Gonzalez EA, Turner K, Kozar RA. Update on postinjury nutrition. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2008;14:690–695
  27. Heyland DK, Novak F, Drover JW, Jain M, Su X, Suchner U, et al. Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients?. JAMA. 2001;286:944–953
  28. Beale RJ, Sherry T, Lei K, Campbell-Stephen L, McCook J, Smith J. Early enteral supplementation with key pharmaconutrients improves sequential organ failure assessment score in critically ill patients with sepsis: outcome of a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:131–144
  29. Luiking YC, Poeze M, Dejong CH, Ramsay G, Deutz NE. Sepsis: an arginine deficiency state?. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:2135–2145
  30. Carden DL, Granger DN. Pathophysiology of ischaemia–reperfusion injury. J Pathol. 2000;190:255–266
  31. Mailman D. Modulation of hemorrhagic shock by intestinal mucosal NG-nitro-L-arginine and L-arginine in the anesthetized rat. Shock. 1999;12:155–160
  32. Yan H, Peng X, Huang Y, Zhao M, Li F, Wang P. Effects of early enteral arginine supplementation on resuscitation of severe burn patients. Burns. 2007;33:179–184
  33. Heyland DK, Samis A. Does immunonutrition in patients with sepsis do more harm than good?. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:669–671
  34. Montejo JC, Zarazaga A, Lopez-Martinez J, Urrútia G, Roqué M, Blesa AL, et al. Immunonutrition in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and consensus statement. Clin Nutr. 2003;22:221–233
  35. Marik PE. Cardiovascular dysfunction of sepsis: a nitric oxide- and L-arginine–deficient state?. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:971–973
  36. Ochoa JB, Bernard AC, O'Brien WE, Griffen MM, Maley ME, Rockich AK, et al. Arginase 1 expression and activity in human mononuclear cells after injury. Ann Surg. 2001;233:393–399
  37. Kozar RA, Verner-Cole E, Schultz SG, Sato N, Bick RJ, Desoignie R, et al. The immune-enhancing enteral agents arginine and glutamine differentially modulate gut barrier function following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. J Trauma. 2004;57:1150–1156
  38. Spanos CP, Papaconstantinou P, Spanos P, Karamousis M, Lekkas G, Papaconstantinou C. The effect of L-arginine and aprotinin on intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11:247–255
  39. Sato N, Moore FA, Kone BC, Zou L, Smith MA, Childs MA, et al. Differential induction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma by luminal arginine glutamine and iNOS by luminal arginine in the rodent postischemic small bowel. Am J Physiol. 2006;290:616–623
  40. Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Gurgel Marques C, Carvalho Mariano A, Bicudo Salomão A, de Souza Neves J. Benefits of intraluminal injection of glutamine for intestinal mucosa during ischemia–reperfusion. Eur Surg Res. 2003;35:352–356
  41. Jang HJ, Kwak JH, Cho EY We YM, Lee YH, Kim SC, et al. Glutamine induces heat-shock protein-70 and glutathione expression and attenuates ischemic damage in rat islets. Transplant Proc. 2008;40:2581–2584
  42. Wischmeyer PE, Musch MW, Madonna MB, Thisted R, Chang EB. Glutamine protects intestinal epithelial cells: role of inducible HSP70. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1997;272(4 pt 1):G879–G884
  43. Singleton KD, Wischmeyer PE. Glutamine's protection against sepsis and lung injury is dependent on heat shock protein 70 expression. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007;292:R1839–R1845
  44. Zingarelli B, Cook JA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor is a new therapeutic target in sepsis and inflammation. Shock. 2005;23:393–399
  45. Ban K, Kozar R. Enteral glutamine: a novel mediator of PPAR in the postischemic gut. J Leukoc Biol. 2008;84:595–599
  46. Novak F, Heyland DK, Avenell A, Drover JW, Su X. Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: a systematic review of the evidence. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:2022–2029
  47. Wischmeyer PE. Glutamine: role in critical illness and ongoing clinical trials. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008;24:190–197
  48. McQuiggan M, Kozar RA, McKinley BA, Sailors RM, Moore FA. Enteral glutamine during active shock resuscitation is safe and enhances tolerance. JPEN. 2008;32:28–35

PII: S0899-9007(09)00361-X

doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.08.021

Nutrition
Volume 26, Issue 4 , Pages 354-358 , April 2010

Article Tools