« Previous
Next »
Nutrition
Volume 25, Issue 11
, Pages 1073-1084
, November 2009
Trace element supplementation in parenteral nutrition: Pharmacy, posology, and monitoring guidance
References and recommended reading
- National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Nutrition support in adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition; 2006 Available at: www.rcseng.ac.uk/publications/docs/nutrition_support_guidelines.html/view. Accessed December 2008.
- . Review of the scientific basis for establishing the essentiality of trace elements. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998;66:185–191
- Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary References Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, and Institute of Medicine Dietary references intakes (DRI) for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1997;
- Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary References Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, and Institute of Medicine Dietary references intakes (DRI) for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, niacin, folate, vitamin B12 and choline. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1998;
- Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary References Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine Antioxidants' role in chronic disease prevention still uncertain; huge doses considered risky. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 2000;
- Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary References Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, and Institute of Medicine Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 2001;
- Human vitamin and mineral requirements Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Calcium, magnesium, iodide, iron, selenium, zinc, antioxidants. Rome: WHO and FAO; 2002;
- . Precipitation of trace elements in parenteral nutrition mixtures. Clin Nutr. 1998;17:223–226
- . Selenium stability in vitamin and glutamine mixtures. Clin Nutr. 2005;24:596
- . Intravenous in-line filters: filtering the evidence. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2003;6:319–325
- Report of the Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. Statement on the mutagenicity of trivalent Chromium and Chromium picolinate. Com/04/S3—December 2004. Available at: http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/com/chromium.htm. Accessed December 2008.
- . Excessive chromium intake in children receiving total parenteral nutrition. Lancet. 1992;339:385–388
- . Selenium and chromium deficiency during long term home parenteral nutrition in chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Nutrition. 1998;14:291–295
- . Serum and urine chromium concentrations in elderly diabetics. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998;63:231–237
- . Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation in a patient receiving long-term PN. Am J Clin Nutr. 1977;30:531–538
- . Micronutrient and trace element monitoring in adult nutrition support. Nutr Clin Pract. 2000;15:120–126
- . Chromium infusion reverses extreme insulin resistance in a cardiothoracic ICU patient. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008;23:325–328
- . Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN. 2002;26(suppl):23SA
- . Trace elements and vitamins in parenteral and enteral nutrition. In: Sobotka L editors. Basics in clinical nutrition. 3rd ed. Prague, Czech Republic: Galen; 2004;p. 169–175
- . Trace element removal during in vitro and in vivo continuous haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22:2970–2977
- . Continuous renal replacement therapy amino acid, trace metal and folate clearance in critically ill children. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:698–706
- . Chromium and zinc concentrations in pediatric patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999;56:1950–1956
- . Technical aspects of trace element supplementation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999;2:277–285
- . Chromium content of total parenteral nutrition solutions. JPEN. 1990;14:610–614
- . Quest for the molecular mechanism of chromium action and its relationship to diabetes. Nutr Rev. 2000;58:67–72
- . Trace elements in parenteral micro-nutrition. Clin Biochem. 1995;28:561–566
- In: Austin P, Stroud M editor. Prescribing adult intravenous nutrition. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2007;
- . Development of severe copper deficiency in a patient with Crohn's disease receiving parenteral nutrition. JPEN. 1999;23:169–172
- . micronutrient status in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. Nutrition. 1997;13:941–944
- . Copper metabolism and requirements in total parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 1981;81:290–297
- . Copper deficiency during total parenteral nutrition: clinical analysis of three cases. JPEN. 1989;13:421–425
- . Trace elements in trauma and burns. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1998;1:513–517
- Plasmatic and erythrocytic zinc and cooper levels in critically ill patients on parenteral nutrition and their relationship with formulas content: preliminary results. Nutr Hosp. 2005;20:189–196
- . Zinc and cooper content in individual components used to prepare pediatric total nutrition mixtures. Nutr Hosp. 2007;23:545–551
- . Zinc and copper status and blood pressure. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1997;11:166–199
- . In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ editor. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005;p. 286–299
- . Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure: National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative: 2000 update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(suppl 1):S186–S206
- . Efficacy and safety of intravenous iron therapy as an alternative/adjunct to allogenic blood transfusions. Vox Sang. 2008;94:172–183
- . Risk factors for bacterial infections in chronic hemodialysis adult patients: a multicenter prospective survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10:337–381
- . Iron and infection. Microbiol Rev. 1978;42:45–66
- . Critical role of iron overload in the increased susceptibility of haemodialysis patients to bacterial infections. Beneficial effects of desferrioxamine. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1989;4:883–887
- . Intravenous iron as a risk factor for bacteremia in the surgical intensive care unit patient. Surg Infect. 2005;6:158
- Efficacy and safety of epoetin alfa in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:965–976
- Improved survival of critically ill trauma patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. J Trauma. 2008;65:2875–2897
- . Diagnosis and management of iron-related anemias in critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:1898–1905
- . Iron supplementation in the intensive care unit: when, how much, and by what route?. Crit Care. 2004;8(suppl 2):S37–S41
- . Update on parenteral iron therapy. Nutr Clin Pract. 2003;18:318–326
- . Structure, chemistry, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous iron agents. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:S93–S98
- . Iron deficiency anemia: assessment, prevention and control. WHO/NHD/013 Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001;
- . Effect of zinc supplementation on protein metabolism in late-middle-aged men: the Zenith study. Nutrition. 2008;24:155–161
- . Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and pre-school children. Pediatrics. 1998;102:1–5
- . Renal handling of zinc: effect of cysteine infusion. Am J Physiol. 1981;241:F487-94
- . Zinc. In: Brown ML editors. Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th ed. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation; 1990;p. 251–260
- . Parenteral zinc supplementation in adult humans during the acute phase response increases the febrile response. J Nutr. 1997;127:70–74
- Reduction of nosocomial pneumonia after major burns by trace elements supplementation: aggregation of two randomised trials. Crit Care. 2006;10:R153
- . Alterations of antioxidant trace elements (Zn, Se, Cu) and related metallo-enzymes in plasma and tissues following burn injuries in rats. Burns. 2005;31:366–371
- . Vitamins and trace elements: practical aspects of supplementation. Nutrition. 2006;22:952–955
- . Antioxidant micronutrients in major trauma and burns: evidence and practice. Nutr Clin Pract. 2006;21:438–449
- . Monitoring the clinical introduction of a glutamine and antioxidant solution in critically ill trauma and burn patients. Nutrition. 2008;24:1123–1132
- . Relationship between the amount of cooper and zinc given to critically ill patients on total parenteral nutrition and plasma and erythrocyte cooper and zinc levels. Nutr Hosp. 2008;23:373–382
- . Selenium in biology: facts and medical perspectives. Biol Chem. 2000;381:849–864
- . Selenium: the Se-XY nutraceutical. Nutrition. 2004;20:590–593
- . The facts and controversy about selenium. Acta Pharm. 2004;54:261–276
- . The importance of selenium to human health. Lancet. 2000;356:233–241
- . an extracellular protein with unique physical characteristics and a role in selenium homeostasis. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:215–235
- . An estimation of selenium requirements for New Zealanders. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:896–903
- . Long term supplementation with selenate and selenomethionine: selenium and glutathione peroxidase in blood components of New Zealand women. Br J Nutr. 1993;69:577–588
- Serum selenium and glutathione preoxidase-3 activity: biomarkers of systemic inflammation in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:882–889
- . Selenium in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Nutr Hosp. 2007;22:295–306
- . Selenium in Intensive Care (SIC) study: results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-center study in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:118–126
- . Selenium regulates transcription factor NF-kB activation during the acute phase reaction. Clin Chem Acta. 2003;334:163–171
- . Protection of mice from allergen-induced asthma by selenite: prevention of eosinophil infiltration by inhibition of NF-kappa B activation. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:17871–17876
- . Selenium compounds have disparate abilities to impose oxidative stress and induce apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;26:42–48
- Selenite-induced apoptosis of osteoclasts mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. Toxicol Lett. 2006;160:143–150
- Effects of high doses of selenium, as sodium selenite, in septic shock: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, phase II study. Crit Care. 2007;11:R73
- . Critically elucidating the role of selenium. Curr Opin Anesthesiol. 2008;21:148–154
- . Selenium supplementation in critically ill patients: can too much of a good thing be a bad thing?. Crit Care. 2007;11:153
- . Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high dose selenium in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Clin Nutr. 2008;3(suppl 1):6–7
- . Is manganese an essential supplement for parenteral nutrition?. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11:289–296
- . Manganese requirement and toxicity in patients on HPN. Clin Nutr. 1998;17:227–230
- Manganese toxicity in children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. Lancet. 1996;347:1218–1221
- . Autopsy tissue trace elements in 8 long-term parenteral nutrition patients who received the current US FDA formulation. JPEN. 2007;31:388–396
- . Manganese intoxication and parenteral nutrition. Nutrition. 2001;17:689–693
- . Evaluation of indexes of in vivo manganese status and the optimal intravenous dose for adult patients undergoing home parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:112–118
- . Trace element contamination of some HPN solutions. Nutrition. 2008;24:508
- . Molecular basis of the biologic function of molybdenum. J Biol Chem. 1874;249:859–866
- . Generation of nitric oxide reductase activity of xanthine oxidase: a potential pathway for nitric oxide formation in the absence of nitric oxide synthase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Comm. 1998;249:767–772
- . Amino acid intolerance during prolonged total parenteral nutrition reversed by molybdate therapy. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34:2551–2559
- . The effect of molybdenum levels in sorghum on uric acid and copper excretion in man. Br J Nutr. 1974;31:351–355
- . Selected ultratrace elements in total parenteral nutrition solutions. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:1079–1083
- . Safe practices in parenteral nutrition. JPEN. 2004;28(suppl):S39–S70
PII: S0899-9007(09)00138-5
doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.03.004
© 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Nutrition
Volume 25, Issue 11
, Pages 1073-1084
, November 2009
