Nutrition
Volume 25, Issue 5 , Pages 526-531 , May 2009

Combined effects of saturated fat and cholesterol intakes on serum lipids: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Received 4 August 2008 ,Accepted 8 November 2008.

References 

  1. Krist-Etherton PM, Burns JH. Cardiovascular nutrition: strategies and tools for disease management. 1st ed.. Chicago, IL, USA: American Dietetic Association; 1998;p. ix, 3–4
  2. Krummel D. Nutrition in cardiovascular disease. In:  Mahan LK,  Escot-Stump S editor. Krauses' food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1996;p. 558–595
  3. Jones PH, Grundy SM, Gotto AM. Assessment and management of lipid abnormalities. In:  Alexander RW,  Sclant RC,  Fuster VS editor. Hurst's the heart. 9th ed.. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998;p. 1553–1583
  4. Gordon DJ. Factors affecting high-density lipoproteins. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27:699–709
  5. Kratz M. Dietary cholesterol, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2005;170:195–213
  6. Mann JI. Dietary effects on plasma LDL and HDL. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1997;8:35–38
  7. Khor GL. Dietary fat quality: a nutritional epidemiologist's view. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13:22
  8. Stone NJ. Diet, lipids, and coronary heart disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1990;19:321–344
  9. Schaefer EJ, Brousseau ME. Diet, lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27:711–732
  10. Krauss RM, Eckel RH, Howard B, Appel LJ, Daniels SR, Deckelbaum RJ, et al. AHA dietary guidelines. Circulation. 2000;102:2284–2299
  11. Azizi F. Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, methodology and summarized findings. In: 1st ed.. Tehran: Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center; 2002;p. 40
  12. Azizi F, Rahmani M, Emami H, Madjid M. Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study: rational and design. Cardiovasc Dis Prev. 2000;3:242–247
  13. National food consumption survey (In Iran). Tehran: Agriculture Administration and National Institute of Nutrition Research and Food Science; 1995;
  14. Ghaffarpour M, Houshiar-Rad A, Kianfar H. The manual for household measures, cooking yield factors and edible portion of foods. Tehran: Keshaverzi Press; 1999;
  15. Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Community nutritional assessment. In: Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1989;p. 56–110
  16. Azizi F, Rahmani M, Ghanbarian A, Emami H, Salehi P, Mirmiran P, et al. Serum lipid levels in an Iranian adults population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18:311–319
  17. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499–502
  18. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA, et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006. Circulation. 2006;114:82–96
  19. Kris-Etherton PM. Monounsaturated fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 1999;100:1253–1258
  20. Cesar TB, Oliveira MR, Mesquita CH, Maranhao RC. High cholesterol intake modifies chylomicron metabolism in normolipidemic young men. J Nutr. 2006;136:971–976
  21. Varady KA, Jones PJ. Combination diet and exercise interventions for the treatment of dyslipidemia: an effective preliminary strategy to lower cholesterol levels?. J Nutr. 2005;135:1829–1835
  22. Yu-Poth S, Zhao G, Etherton T, Naglak M, Jonnalagadda S, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Step I and Step II dietary intervention programs on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:632–646
  23. McCarty MF. An elevation of triglycerides reflecting decreased triglyceride clearance may not be pathogenic relevance to high-carbohydrate diets. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63:1065–1073
  24. Abeywardena MY. Dietary fats, carbohydrates and vascular disease: Sri Lankan perspectives. Atherosclerosis. 2003;171:157–161
  25. Summary of the Second Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). JAMA. 1993;269:3015–3023
  26. Boden G, Sargrad K, Homko G, Mozzoli M, Stein TP. Effect of a low carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:403–411
  27. Miyashita Y, Koide N, Ohtsuka M, Ozaki H, Itoh Y, Oyama T. Beneficial effect of low carbohydrate in low calorie diets on visceral fat reduction in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004;65:235–241
  28. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  29. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrates, fiber, fat, fatty acid, cholesterol, protein, amino acids. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2002;

 This study was funded by the Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

PII: S0899-9007(08)00492-9

doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.11.018

Nutrition
Volume 25, Issue 5 , Pages 526-531 , May 2009

Article Tools