Nutrition
Volume 22, Issue 10 , Pages 1025-1031, October 2006

Formula delivery in patients receiving enteral tube feeding on general hospital wards: the impact of nasogastric extubation and diarrhea

  • Kevin Whelan, Ph.D., R.D.

      Affiliations

    • Nutritional Sciences Research Division, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: + 4420-7848-3858; fax: + 4420-7848-4185.
    • ,
  • Lydia Hill, B.Sc, R.D.

      Affiliations

    • Nutritional Sciences Research Division, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Victor R. Preedy, D.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Nutritional Sciences Research Division, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Patricia A. Judd, Ph.D., R.D.

      Affiliations

    • Lancashire School of Health and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Moira A. Taylor, Ph.D., R.D.

      Affiliations

    • School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Received 24 March 2006; accepted 28 July 2006. published online 18 September 2006.

Abstract 

Objective

In contrast to the intensive care unit, little is known of the percentage of formula delivered to patients receiving enteral tube feeding (ETF) on general wards or of the complications that affect its delivery. This study prospectively investigated the incidence of nasogastric extubation and diarrhea in patients starting ETF on general wards and examined their effect on formula delivery.

Methods

In a prospective observational study, the volume of formula delivered to patients receiving ETF on general wards was compared with the volume prescribed. The incidence of nasogastric extubation and diarrhea was measured and its effect on formula delivery calculated.

Results

Twenty-eight patients were monitored for a total of 319 patient days. The mean ± SD volume of formula prescribed was 1460 ± 213 mL/d, whereas the mean volume delivered was only 1280 ± 418 mL/d (P < 0.001), representing a mean percentage delivery of 88 ± 25% of prescribed formula. Nasogastric extubation occurred in 17 of 28 patients (60%), affecting 53 of the 319 patient days (17%). The percentage of formula delivered on days when the nasogastric tube remained in situ was 96 ± 12% and on days when nasogastric extubation occurred it was only 45 ± 31% (P < 0.001). Diarrhea affected 39 of 319 patient days (12%) but there was no difference in formula delivery on days when diarrhea did or did not occur (78% versus 89%, P = 0.295). There was a significant, albeit small, negative correlation between the daily stool score and formula delivery (correlation coefficient −0.216, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Formula delivery is marginally suboptimal in patients receiving ETF on general wards. Nasogastric extubation is common and results in an inherent cessation of ETF until the nasogastric tube is replaced and is therefore a major factor impeding formula delivery. Diarrhea is also common but does not result in significant reductions in formula delivery.

Keywords: Enteral nutrition, Diarrhea, Nasogastric tube, Extubation

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 The study was funded by an unrestricted grant from King’s College London and Nestlé UK.

PII: S0899-9007(06)00302-9

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2006.07.004

Nutrition
Volume 22, Issue 10 , Pages 1025-1031, October 2006

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