Basic nutritional investigationEffects of simultaneous intakes of indigestible dextrin and diacylglycerol on lipid profiles in rats fed cholesterol diets
Introduction
So-called health foods can be defined as foods or food components that provide certain health benefits. Although the health claims for some are based on sound scientific evidence, including physiologic benefits and mechanisms of action, not all health foods on the market have adequate scientific support. In addition, many health foods or their constituents have similar effects or mechanisms of action. Consumption of health foods has grown rapidly over recent years due to increased public interest in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases and improvement in general health, and these foods are now widely available. Further, because of their proven or unproven health benefits, simultaneous intake of various health foods with similar effects is often advocated. With these factors in mind, we investigated whether simultaneous intake of health foods or food constituents, which are claimed to decrease risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases (such as obesity and hyperlipidemia), produce any physiologic advantage.
In the present study, we focused on the effects of a combination of indigestible dextrin (IDex) and diacylglycerol (DG), which have been recognized to decrease serum lipid levels. IDex is a type of dietary fiber that not only modulates intestinal functions but also decreases serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations [1], [2]. These functions may result from inhibition of cholesterol and dietary fat absorption or increased bile acid excretion [3]. DG is also recognized to possess physiologic effects, such as suppression of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and prevention of body fat accumulation [4], [5]. Therefore, simultaneous intake of these food components could be expected to produce additive or synergistic benefits in decreasing risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases. However, to date, there is little information regarding the physiologic effect of simultaneous intake of these ingredients; therefore, it remains unknown whether this approach represents effective use of health foods.
In this study, we compared the effects of IDex and DG intakes (separately and combined) with those of diets containing cellulose and corn oil on serum and liver lipid profiles, body fat accumulation, and length of intestinal villi in 5-wk-old rats fed a cholesterol-containing diet for 28 d. The components used in this study are recognized as having physiologic functions, which affect digestion and absorption of dietary fat in the digestive tract. In particular, the physiologic functions of dietary fiber are associated with fecal cholesterol excretion. Therefore, we used cholesterol-containing diets to clarify the effects of each food component in this study.
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Animals and diets
The care and use of laboratory animals were in accordance with guidelines laid down by the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute of Health and Nutrition. Male Wistar rats, weighing 60 to 80 g, were purchased from Japan SLC (Shizuoka, Japan) and maintained under a controlled room temperature (22 ± 2°C) and lighting cycle (lights on from 8:00 am to 8:00 pm). They were fed commercial chow (CE-2, CLEA Japan, Tokyo, Japan) for 1 wk. After acclimation, rats were randomly assigned to
Results
Weight gains, food intakes, food efficiencies, and relative organ weights are listed in Table 2. There were no significant differences in weight gains or relative organ weights, except for liver weights, in rats fed the various experimental diets. Feeding of dietary fiber had a significant influence on food intakes and food efficiencies (P = 0.0226 and 0.0002, respectively). Food intakes in rats fed the combined DG and IDex diets were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in rats fed the combined
Discussion
In the present study, we examined lipid profiles, body fat accumulation, and histopathologic alterations in rats fed diets containing 0.5% cholesterol to compare the physiologic effects of a combination of DG and IDex with those of a combination of corn oil and cellulose. The food components used in this study are recognized as having physiologic functions that affect the digestion and absorption of dietary fat or carbohydrate in the digestive tract. In particular, water-soluble dietary fiber
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