Nutrition
Volume 21, Issue 1 , Pages 109-112 , January 2005

Enteral nutrition support

Received 5 June 2004 ,Accepted 10 June 2004.

References 

  1. McWhirter JP , Pennington CR . Incidence and recognition of malnutrition in hospital. BMJ . 1994;308(6934):945–948
  2. Arora NS , Rochester DF . Respiratory muscle strength and maximal voluntary ventilation in undernourished patients. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1982;126:5–8
  3. Deitch EA , Winterton J , Li M , Berg R . The gut as a portal of entry for bacteremia (Role of protein malnutrition). Ann Surg . 1987;205:681–692
  4. Herskowitz K , Souba WW . Intestinal glutamine metabolism during critical illness: a surgical perspective. Nutrition . 1990;6:199–206
  5. Mainous MR , Block EF , Deitch EA . Nutritional support of the gut: how and why. New Horiz . 1994;2:193–201
  6. Robinson G , Goldstein M , Levine GM . Impact of nutritional status on DRG length of stay. JPEN . 1987;11:49–51
  7. Delmi M , Rapin CH , Bengoa JM , Delmas PD , Vasey H , Bonjour JP . Dietary supplementation in elderly patients with fractured neck of the femur. Lancet . 1990;335(8696):1013–1016
  8. Metheny N . Minimizing respiratory complications of nasoenteric tube feedings: state of the science. Heart Lung . 1993;22:213–223
  9. Benson DW , Griggs BA , Hamilton F , Hiyama DT , Bower RH . Clogging of feeding tubes: a randomized trial of a newly designed tube. Nutr Clin Pract . 1990;5:107–110
  10. Strong RM , Condon SC , Solinger MR , Namihas BN , Ito-Wong LA , Leuty JE . Equal aspiration rates from postpylorus and intragastric-placed small-bore nasoenteric feeding tubes: a randomized, prospective study. JPEN . 1992;16:59–63
  11. Shronts EP , Havala T . Enteral formulas. In:  Teasley-Strausberg KMCF ,  Lehmann S ,  Shronts EP editor. Nutrition support handbook. Cincinnati: Harvey Whitney Books; 1992;p. 147–186
  12. Marino PL . The ICU book. New York: Williams and Wilkins; 1998;
  13. al-Saady NM , Blackmore CM , Bennett ED . High fat, low carbohydrate, enteral feeding lowers PaCO2 and reduces the period of ventilation in artificially ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med . 1989;15:290–295
  14. Bagley JS , Wan JM , Georgieff M , Forse RA , Blackburn GL . Cellular nutrition in support of early multiple organ failure. Chest . 1991;100(suppl):182S–8
  15. Lacey JM , Wilmore DW . Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid?. Nutr Rev . 1990;48:297–310
  16. Ziegler TR , Benfell K , Smith RJ , Young LS , Brown E , Ferrari-Baliviera E, et al.  Safety and metabolic effects of l-glutamine administration in humans. JPEN . 1990;14(suppl):137S–46
  17. Alexander WF , Spindel E , Harty RF , Cerda JJ . The usefulness of branched chain amino acids in patients with acute or chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol . 1989;84:91–96
  18. Vockley J . The changing face of disorders of fatty acid oxidation. Mayo Clin Proc . 1994;69:249–257
  19. Rees RG , Keohane PP , Grimble GK , Frost PG , Attrill H , Silk DB . Elemental diet administered nasogastrically without starter regimens to patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JPEN . 1986;10:258–262
  20. Mizock BA . Avoiding common errors in nutritional management. J Crit Illness . 1993;10:1116–1117
  21. Collier P , Kudsk KA , Glezer J , Brown RO . Fiber-containing formula and needle catheter jejunostomies: a clinical evaluation. Nutr Clin Pract . 1994;9:101–103
  22. Marcuard SP , Stegall KS . Unclogging feeding tubes with pancreatic enzyme. JPEN . 1990;14:198–200
  23. Edes TE , Walk BE , Austin JL . Diarrhea in tube-fed patients: feeding formula not necessarily the cause. Am J Med . 1990;88:91–93
  24. Eisenberg PG . Causes of diarrhea in tube-fed patients: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management. Nutr Clin Pract . 1993;8:119–123
  25. Cheng EY , Hennen CR , Nimphius N . Unsuspected source of diarrhea in an ICU patient. Clin Intensive Care . 1992;3:33–36

PII: S0899-9007(04)00227-8

doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.09.015

Nutrition
Volume 21, Issue 1 , Pages 109-112 , January 2005