Nutrition
Volume 21, Issue 1 , Pages 96-99 , January 2005

Nutrition and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: An overview

  • Gabriel Anabwani, M.B., Ch.B.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
    • Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author (G. Anabwani).
  • ,
  • Peter Navario

      Affiliations

    • Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana

Received 2 July 2004 ,Accepted 6 September 2004.

References 

  1. UNAIDS. 2004 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland.
  2. UNAIDS and WHO. AIDS epidemic update December 2001. Geneva: UNAIDS and WHO; 2001;
  3. Piot P , Bartos M , Ghys PD, et al. The global impact of HIV/AIDS. Nature . 2001;410:968–973
  4. The world report 2000. Health systems: improving performance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000;
  5. UNAIDS. New data on the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and their policy implications. WHO technical consultation on behalf of the UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/UNAIDS Interagency Task Team on mother to child transmission of HIV; Geneva, Switzerland; October 11–13, 2000.
  6. Luo C . Strategies for prevention of mother to children transmission of HIV. Reprod Health Matters . 2000;8:144–155
  7. Wiktor SZ , Ekpini E , Nduati RW . Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV-1 in Africa. AIDS . 1997;11(suppl B):S79–S87
  8. Bessis S, Simon X. AIDS. Prevention or care. Available at: http://www.unesco.org/courier/1998_08/uk/ethique/txt2.htm.
  9. Piot P. Opening speech presented at the XIV International AIDS Conference; Barcelona, Spain; July 7, 2002.
  10. Marseille E , Hoffmann PB , Kahn JG . HIV prevention before HAART in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet . 2002;359(9320):1851–1856
  11. Serwadda D , Mugerwa RD , Sewankambo NK, et al. Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda in association with HTLV-III infection. Lancet . 1985;2:849–852
  12. UNDP in Uganda. Available at: http://www.undp.or.ug/hivaids.htm.
  13. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.htm. Accessed September 6, 2004.
  14. Botswana. AIDS cases by year of reporting. UNAIDS/WHO epidemiological fact sheet, update; 2000.
  15. Sentinel surveillance report 2000. Gaborone, Botswana: Ministry of Health; 2000;
  16. National responses to HIV. South Africa. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/nationalresponse/result.asp. Accessed July 4, 2004.
  17. Virusmyth homepage. Support President Mbeki to find the truth about “AIDS.” Available at: http://www.virusmyth.net/aids/news/southafrica.htm. Accessed July 4, 2004.
  18. President Mbeki Questions AZT. S. Africa's Mbeki says investigating AZT safety. Reuters; October 28, 1999.
  19. SA Can't Afford AZT. SAf News Agency; November 16, 1999.
  20. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2898.htm. Accessed September 6, 2004.
  21. Niyongabo T , Henzel D , Ndayishimyie JM, et al. Nutritional status of adult inpatients in Bujumbura, Burundi (impact of HIV infection). Eur J Clin Nutr . 1999;53:579–582
  22. Lucas SB , De Cock KM , Hounnou A, et al. Contribution of tuberculosis to slim disease in Africa. Br Med J . 1994;308:1531–1533
  23. Anabwani G. Nutritional disorders among children with HIV. Paper presented at the Nestle Nutrition Institute Africa Workshop; Gaborone, Botswana; February 2003.
  24. Scrimshaw NS , SanGiovanni JP . Synergism of nutrition, infection and immunity: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr . 1997;7:464S–77
  25. Beisel WR . Single nutrients and immunity. Am J Clin Nutr . 1982;35:417–468
  26. Chandra RK . Micronutrients and immune functions, an overview. Ann NY Acad Sci . 1990;587:9–16
  27. Chandra RK . Nutrition and immunity. In:  Lachmann PJ, et al. editor. Clinical aspects of immunology. Boston: Boston Scientific Publications; 1993;p. 1325–1338
  28. Skurnick JH , Bogden, JD , Baker, H, et al. Micronutrient profiles in HIV-1 infected heterosexual adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol . 1996;12:75–83
  29. Ullrich R , Schneider T , Heise W, et al. Serum carotene deficiency in HIV-infected patients (Berlin Diarrhoea/Wasting Syndrome Study Group). AIDS . 1994;8:661–665
  30. John GC , Nduati RW , Mbori-Ngacha D, et al. Genital shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA during pregnancy: association with immunosuppression, abnormal cervical or vaginal discharge, and severe vitamin A deficiency. J Infect Dis . 1997;175:57–62
  31. Semba RD , Tang AM . Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br J Nutr . 1999;81:181–189
  32. Fawzi WW, et al. A randomized trial of vitamin A supplements I relation to mortality among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected children in Tanzania. Pediatr Infect Dis J . 1999;18:127–133
  33. Semba RD, et al. Vitamin A deficiency and wasting as predictors of mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users. JIF . 1994;171:1196–1202
  34. Tang AM, et al. Association between serum vitamin A and E levels and HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS . 1997;11:613–620
  35. Keusch GT , Farthing MJG . Nutritional aspects of AIDS. Annu Rev Nutr . 1990;10:475–501
  36. Coodley GO . Nutritional deficiency and AIDS. Ann Intern Med . 1990;113:809

PII: S0899-9007(04)00225-4

doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.09.013

Nutrition
Volume 21, Issue 1 , Pages 96-99 , January 2005